Abstract
This research paper explores the public opinion of Bosnia and Herzegovina adopting the European Union (EU) Language Policy, the country’s relations, and how the policy would impact the future of the country and its relations with the EU. The EU Language Policy encourages multilingualism and promotes the learning of two additional languages, in addition to the official language of the country. Adoption and adequate implementation of this policy are important for both aspiring members and EU member states, as it aims at advancing the functionality and competitiveness of the EU. The paper examines relevant aspects of the EU’s history, the importance of the policy, and how adopting it would impact the education system in B&H if economic and social growth could be expected. The research part of the paper was conducted via a self-responded survey gauging the public opinions on certain aspects relevant to the topic. Overall, the research finds that adapting the EU Language Policy is a significant step towards integration of B&H into the EU; and that adapting it would be logistically challenging but a welcome and necessary step for immeasurable benefits that come with becoming a member state of the EU. The opinions of the participants were mostly unanimous regarding positive attitudes towards learning languages, retaining culture, positive long-term effects on the country, and dissatisfaction with B&H’s behavior in relation to their relationship with the EU.
References
Baun, M., & Marek, D. (2013). The new member states and the European Union. Foreign Policy and Europeanization, Routledge.
Bozic, G. (2006). Reeducating the hearts of Bosnian students: An essay on some aspects of education in Bosnia and Herzegovina. East European Politics and Societies, 20(02), 319-342.
Bećirović, S. (2023). The Relationship Between Cooperative Learning, Cultural Intelligence, EFL Motivation and Students’ Performance: A Structural Equation Modeling Approach. Sage Open, https://doi.org/10.1177/21582440231208
Bećirović S., Brdarević-Čeljo, A. & Zavrl, I. (2019). Research into intercultural effectiveness in a multicultural educational milieu in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Economic Research-Ekonomska Istraživanja, 32(1), 1336-1351. https://doi.org/10.1080/1331677X.2019.1629329
Bećirović, S., & Brdarević-Čeljo, A., (2018). Exploring and Assessing Cross-cultural Sensitivity in Bosnian Tertiary Education: Is there a real promise of harmonious coexistence?. European Journal of Contemporary Education, 7(2), 244-256. DOI: 10.13187/ejced.2018.2.244
Council of the European Union. (2016). EU languages: A historical and political perspective. Retrieved from https://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/policies/eu- languages/historical-perspective/
Darquennes, J. (2013). Language policy and planning in indigenous language minority settings in the EU. Revue française de linguistique appliquée, 18(2), 103-119.
De Costa, P. I., Lee, J., Rawal, H., & Li, W. (2019). Ethics in applied linguistics research. In The Routledge handbook of research methods in applied linguistics (pp. 122-130). Routledge.
Domm, R. (2011). Next steps on Bosnia‐Herzegovina: key elements to a revised EU strategy. Southeast European and Black Sea Studies, 11(1), 53-67.
Dubravac, V., Brdarević-Čeljo, A., & Bećirović, S. (2018) The English of Bosnia and Herzegovina. WORLD ENGLISHES, 37(4), 635-652. https://doi.org/10.1111/weng.12347
European Commission. (2019). EU accession process. Retrieved from https://ec.europa.eu/neighbourhood-enlargement/policy/conditions- membership_en
European Commission. (2021). Bosnia and Herzegovina. Retrieved from https://ec.europa.eu/education/policies/european-policy-cooperation/et2020- country-specific-information/bosnia-and-herzegovina_en
European Commission. (2021). Language policy. Retrieved from https://ec.europa.eu/info/policies/education-and-culture/language-policy_en
European Parliament. (2017). The role of language policies in promoting the EU's objectives. Retrieved from https://www.europarl.europa.eu/RegData/etudes/BRIE/2017/614582/EPRS_BRI( 2017)614582_EN.pdf
Gazzola, M. (2006). Managing multilingualism in the European Union: language policy evaluation for the European Parliament. Language Policy, 2006, vol. 5,no. 4, p. 395-419. Kluwer Academic Publishers. https://doc.rero.ch/record/315292
Gubbins, P. (2002). Lost in translation: EU language policy in an expanded Europe. In Beyond Boundaries (pp. 46-58). Multilingual Matters.
Gromes, T. (2009). The prospect of European integration and conflict transformation in Bosnia and Herzegovina. European Integration, 31(4), 431-447.
Haas, E. B. (1958). The uniting of Europe: Political, social, and economic forces, 1950-1957. Stanford University Press.
Hasić, J., Džananović, N., & Ramić Mesihović, L. (2020). “Implicit” contestations of EU foreign policy norm-domestication in Bosnia and Herzegovina and North Macedonia. Global Affairs, 6(4–5), 417–432. https://doi.org/10.1080/23340460.2021.1897952
Hutchinson, J. (2014). Language and education policy in Bosnia and Herzegovina: Transitioning from conflict. Language Problems and Language Planning, 38(3), 277-293.
Kovačević, F., Brdarević-Čeljo, A., Bećirović, S., (2018), Opportunities and Challenges Facing Bosnian High-School EFL Learners, European Researcher. Series A, 9(4), p. 298-306, DOI: 10.13187/er.2018.4.298
Laličić, A., Dubravac, V., & Bećirović, S. (2020). The Interconnection between Vocabulary Learning Strategies and EFL Learning Outcomes. European Journal of Education Studies, 7(12). 106-130. DOI: 10.46827/ejes.v7i12.3402
Lenaerts, G. (2001). A failure to comply with the EU language policy: a study of the Council archives.
Mašić, A. & Bećirović, S. (2021). Attitudes towards learning english as a foreign language, Journal of Linguistic and Intercultural Education – JoLIE, 14(2), 85-105. 10.29302/jolie.2021.2.5
Moravcsik, A. (1998). The choice for Europe: Social purpose and state power from Messina to Maastricht. Cornell University Press.
Oberhofer, G., & Stepanov, P. (2018). Language skills and EU accession. Journal of Common Market Studies, 56(6), 1346-1362. doi: 10.1111/jcms.12721
Odak, Mario & Sijercic, Adna. (2021). "A Study into how Covid-19 changed the public opinion of homeschooling". Journal of Education and Humanities. 4. 10.14706/JEH2021413.
Phillipson, R. (2004). English-only Europe?: Challenging language policy
Polz, E., Bećirović, S. (2022). Competency based teaching and learning, MAP-Multidisciplinary Academic Publishing
Rosamond, B. (2000). Theories of European integration. Palgrave Macmillan.
Shaw, J. (2014). Social policy in the European Union. Palgrave Macmillan.
Wakelin, E. (2012). The Sejdic and Finci Case: More Than Just a Human Rights Issue. E-International Relations, 1-6.
Weber, B., & Bassuener, K. (2014). EU policies boomerang: Bosnia and Herzegovina’s social unrest. A DPC (Democratization Policy Council) Policy Brief. Sarajevo and Berlin.
Zielonka, J. (Ed.). (2015). Media and politics in new democracies: Europe in a comparative perspective. Oxford University Press, USA.
Sinanović, J., & Bećirović S. (2016). The Determinants of Lifelong Learning. European researcher, 103(2), 107-118. doi: 10.13187/er.2016.103.107