Keywords
Croatian medical terminology
lexical calques
syntactic calques
semantic calques
How to Cite
Abstract
Languages have always come into contact and influenced one on another. The result of such a contact are borrowings and calques. Borrowings are common in languages for special purposes where the foreign words are borrowed to fill lexical gaps. On the other hand, calques appear because of puristic attempts to limit the invasion of foreign words into the target language. The aim of this paper is to investigate calques, their typology in the Croatian medical language and to confirm calquing as a precious means of medical terms creation. This is a corpus-based study which included Croatian medical publications. The analysis distinguished three main types of calques: lexical, syntactic and semantic. In the group of lexical calques, we recorded literal calques, semi-calques and loan creations. Syntactic calques refer mostly to juxtaposition which is commonly found in medical terminology under the English influence. Semantic calques include metaphor and analogy. The research stresses the importance of calques and their potential to enrich Croatian medical terminology.
References
Ali, A. S. M. (2005). Calquing: A means of terminological enrichment.
Turjuman, 14 (1), 113−135.
Anić, V., & Goldstein, I. (2009). Rječnik stranih riječi. Zagreb: Znanje.
Babić, S. (1987). Njemačke prevedenice-izazov našim lingvistima. Dometi, 9/XIII, 91−96.
Babić, S. (1990). Hrvatska jezikoslovna čitanka. Zagreb: Globus.
Betz, W. (1949). Deutsch und Lateinisch. Die Lehnbildungen der ahd.
Benediktinerregel, Bonn: H. Bouvier u. CO. Verlag.
Carstensen, B. (1979). Evidente und latente Einflüsse des Englischen auf das
Deutsche, Fremdwort-Diskussion. München: Wilhelm Fink Verlag, 90−94.
Clyne, M. (1972). Perspectives on language contact. Melbourne: Hawthorn.
Dabo Denegri, Lj. (2007). Hrvatsko-francuski jezični dodiri s rječnikom galicizama u hrvatskom standardnom jeziku. Zagreb: Globus.
Deroy, L. (1956). L’emprunt linguistique. Paris: Société d’Edition „ Les Belles Lettres”.
Filipović, R. (1986). Teorija jezika u kontaktu: uvod u lingvistiku jezičnih dodira. JAZU: Školska knjiga.
Franolić, B. (1979). L’emprunt et calque syntaxique et phraseologique en Croate. Die welt der Slaven, XXIV, 2, 404−417.
Giaber, J. (2023). Lexical calque as a secondary term-formation method framing cognition in the target language. Internationa Journal of Arabic-English Studies (IJAES), 24, (2), 1−30.
Glesinger, L. (1965). O nekim anomalijama našega medicinskog jezika. Liječnički vjesnik, 87, 1127−1133.
Gomez Capuz, J. (1998). El prestamo linguistico. Revista Cuademos de Filologia, 29, 18−43.
Gomez Capuz, J. (2005). La imigration léxica, Madrid: Arco/Libros.
Gonzáles, F. R., & Knospe, S. (2019). The variation of calques in European languages, with particular reference to Spanish and German: Main patterns and trends. Folia linguistica, 53 (1), 233−276.
Gorlach, M. (2004). English in Europe. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Gusmani, R. (1983). Saggi sullʼinterferenza linguistica. Firenze: Le Lettere Universita.
Haugen, E. (1950). The analysis of linguistic borrowing. The Ecology of Language. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 79−109.
Haugen, E. (1953). The Norwegian language in America: A study in bilingual behavior. Bloomington: Indiana University press.
Höfler, M. (1989). Le traitement des emprunts par substitution lexematique dans La lexicographie historique française, Traveaux de Linguistique et de Philologie, XXVII, 115−125.
Jernej, J. (1973). Traduzione e calco (con esemplificazione italiana, serbo croata e tedesca). La traduzione, saggi e studi, 249−258.
Johanson, L. (2002). Structural factors in Turkish language contacts. Richmond: Curzon.
Klajn, I. (1971). Uticaji engleskog jezika u italijanskom. Beograd: Filološki fakultet.
Larizgoitia, X. A. (2010). A typology of calques. The calquing mechanism in contemporary Basque. Estudios de linguistics (ELUA), 24, 13−35.
Lehnert, M. (1986). English loans in GDR German. English in contact with other languages, (eds.) Viereck, W., & Bald, W. D., Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 129−157.
Lewandowski, T. (1990). Linguistisches Wörterbuch. Heidelberg: Quelle und Mayer.
Mahmoud, A. (2013). A linguistic perspective of the effect of English on MSA: Manifestations and ramifications. Journal of King Saud University- Languages and translation, 25, 35−43.
Matras, Y, & Sakel, J. (2007). Investigating the mechanisms of pattern-replication in language convergence. Studies in language, 31, 829−865.
Muhvić-Dimanovski, V. (1992). Prevedenice – jedan oblik neologizama. Zagreb: HAZU.
Muljačić, Ž. (1968). Tipologija jezičnog kalka. Radovi: Razdio filoloških znanosti, 5−6.
Onysko, A. (2007). Anglicisms in German: Borrowing, lexical productivity and written codeswitching. Berlin: de Gruyter.
Sandiuc, C. (2018). A typological analysis of calque in Romanian maritime terminology. Scientific Bulletin of Naval academy, 21 (1), 1−11.
Schumann, K. (1965). Zur Typologie und Gliederung der Lehnprägung. Zeitschrift für slavische Philologie, XXXII (I), 61−90.
Seidl, E. (1958). Elemente sintactice slave in limba romänä. Bucureşti: Editura Academiei R.P.R.
Smith, M. (2006). The influence of French on eighteenth-century literary Russian: Semantic and phraseological calques. Bern: Peter Lang.
Sørensen, K. (1982). English influence on contemporary Danish. The English Element in European Languages, 2, 71−153.
Škara, D. (1987). Prilog proučavanju anglicizama u hrvatskom ili srpskom jeziku. Radovi: Razdio filoloških znanosti, 26, 113−122.
Thomason, S. G. (2001). Language contact: An introduction. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press.
Turk, M. (1997). Jezični kalk: tipologija i nazivlje. Fluminensia, 9 (1−2), 85−104.
Turk, M, & Pavletić, H. (2001). Poluprevedenice-jedan oblik neologizama. Drugi hrvatski slavistički kongres, 643−647.
Turk, M. (2013). Jezično kalkiranje u teoriji i praksi. Prilog lingvistici jezičnih dodira. Zagreb: Hrvatska sveučilišna naklada.
Viereck, W. (1986). English in prewar and FRG German. English in contact with other languages. (eds) Viereck, W., & Bald, D., Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó:107−128.
Walsh, O. (2016). Les chroniques de langage and the development of linguistic purism in Quebec. French Studies, 55 (2), 132−157.
Weinreich, U. (1968). Languages in contact. Findings and problems. New York: Mouton.
Abbas, A., Lichtman, K., Andrew, H., & Pillai, S (2018). Stanična i molekularna imunologija. Zagreb: Medicinska naklada.
Timothy M., & Cox, S. J. (2018). Molekularna biologija u medicini. Zagreb: Medicinska naklada.
Medicina fluminensis, časopis Hrvatskoga liječničkog zbora-Podružnica Rijeka i Medicinskog fakulteta Sveučilišta u Rijeci.
Pediatria Croatica, glasilo Hrvatskog pedijatrijskog društva i Hrvatskog društva za školsku i sveučilišnu medicinu.
Liječnički vjesnik, glasilo Hrvatskog liječničkog zbora.
Acta Medica Croatica, časopis Akademije medicinskih znanosti Hrvatske.
Medix, specijalizirani časopis za stručnu medicinsku javnost.
Narodni zdravstveni list, časopis nastavnog Zavoda za javno zdravstvo Primorsko-goranske županije.