Defamation Law and Media: Challenges of the Digital Age
Article (on mapub.org)
Full Paper (PDF)

Keywords

Defamation
Defamation law
Digital media
Normative theory model
Ethical theory
Social responsibility

How to Cite

Zukić, M., & Zukić, A. (2024). Defamation Law and Media: Challenges of the Digital Age. MAP Education and Humanities, 5, 98–109. https://doi.org/10.53880/2744-2373.2024.5.98

Abstract

The fast-paced evolution of digital media and the internet has fundamentally changed how information is gathered and disseminated. This fact poses challenges to the legal aspect of understanding and recognizing defamation in the digital media age leaning on the normative and ethical theoretical approach it has in society. This paper examines the interplay between the legal concept of defamation and digital media, striving to understand the complexities that the development of digital media platforms introduced. The pervasive nature of online communication amplifies the potential reputational harm. Such a situation needs an evolving legal framework capable of balancing the protection of individuals' reputations and the principles of free speech. Therefore, this work examines difficulties in applying existing legal standards to a new digital environment including the issues of identification and liability of online publishers, as well as cross-border defamation cases and their jurisdictional problems. Through a comprehensive analysis of recent legal and academic writing, this paper evaluates the effectiveness of current defamation law. Hence, it examines the role of internet intermediaries and issues of their liability, emphasizing the need for clarity in legal responsibility, and adjusting to the new realities of the current media space. So, this paper seeks to contribute to developing a more robust and nuanced legal framework that can effectively address the complexities of defamation in the age of digital media. Ultimately, it calls for international collaboration and cooperation in developing innovative strategies to navigate the landscape of digital communication while maintaining fundamental rights and freedoms.

Conflict: The authors declare a conflict of interest due to a kinship relationship; Abdurrahman Zukić is the son of Melisa Zukić.

https://doi.org/10.53880/2744-2373.2024.5.98
Article (on mapub.org)
Full Paper (PDF)

References

Baran, S.J. & Davis, D. K. (2012). Mass Communication Theory: Foundations, Ferment, and Future, Wadsworth, Cengage Learning.

Crook, T. (2010). Comparative Media Law and Ethics. London and New York, Taylor & Francis.

Gillespie, T. (2018). Custodians of the Internet: Platforms, Content Moderation, and the Hidden Decisions That Shape Social Media. New Haven, London, Yale University Press.

Keeton, P. & Prosser, W.L. (1984). Prosser and Keeton on the law of torts (5th. ed.), St. Paul, Minn, West Pub. Co.

McHangama, J. (2022). Free Speech: A History from Socrates to Social Media, New York, Basic book.

McQuail, D. (1987). McQuail's Mass Communication Theory. New York, London, SAGE.

Perry, M. (1993). An Intellectual History of Modern Europe. Houghton, Mifflin.

Riordan, J. (2013). The Liability of Internet Intermediaries. Oxford, Magdalen College.

Suzor, N. P. (2019). Lawless: The Secret Rules That Govern Our Digital Lives. Cambridge, Cambridge University Press.

Bailey, J., & Steeves, V. (2017, June 15). Defamation Law in the Age of the Internet: Young People’s Perspectives. Prepared for, and commissioned by the Law Commission of Ontario, Final report. On the website: https://www.lco-cdo.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/07/DIA-Commissioned-Paper-eQuality.pdf;

Banjo, A. O. & Dokunmu, O.O. (2023, February). Implications of Application of the Law of Defamation in Social Media Information Dissemination. Timbou-Africa Academic Publications International Journal of Social Science res. and Antropology, editions vol. 12 no. 6. ISSN: 2977-5745, p. 181.-188. On the website: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/370363969_IMPLICATIONS_OF_APPLICATION_OF_THE_LAW_OF_DEFAMATION_IN_SOCIAL_MEDIA_INFORMATION_DISSEMINATION;

Cate, F. H. (1996). Law in Cyberspace. Articles by Maurer Faculty, 39 Howard Law Journal 565, (VOL. 39:565 1996) p. 565-579. On the website: https://www.repository.law.indiana.edu/facpub/592

Citron, D. K., & Franks, M. A. (2020, January 1). The Internet as a Speech Machine and Other Myths Confounding Section 230 Reform. The University of Chicago Legal Forum, 2020(3), 45-75. On the website: https://chicagounbound.uchicago.edu/uclf/vol2020/iss1/3;

Dreibelbis, H. M. (2021, March 23). Social Media Defamation: A New Legal Frontier Amid the Internet Wild West. Duke Journal of Constitutional Law & Public Policy, 16(1), 245-277. On the website: https://scholarship.law.duke.edu/djclpp/vol16/iss1/8;

Eltis, K. (2011, April 8). Hate Speech, Genocide, and Revisiting the "Marketplace of Ideas" in the Digital Age. Loyola University Chicago Law Journal, 43(2), 267-279. On the website: https://lawecommons.luc.edu/luclj/vol43/iss2/2;

Eltis, K. (2018, March - June). Is “Truthtelling” Decontextualized Online Still Reasonable? Restoring Context to Defamation Analysis in the Digital Age. McGill Law Journal,Revue de droit de McGill, Volume 63, Number 3-4, p. 553-585. On the website: https://lawjournal.mcgill.ca/article/is-truthtelling-decontextualized-online-still-reasonable-restoring-context-to-defamation-analysis-in-the-digital-age/. DOI: https://doi.org/10.7202/1066336ar.

Encyclopedia Britannica. (2024, August 22). Defamation. On the Website: https://www.britannica.com/topic/defamation#ref282783: Retrieved: September 2, 2024.

Frosio, G. F. (2017). Resisting the resistance: resisting copyright and promoting alternatives, Richmond Journal of Law & Technology, Volume XXIII, Issue 2, p. 1-58. On the website: https://jolt.richmond.edu/files/2017/03/Frosio-Final-1.pdf

Kenyon, A. T. (2018, September 6). Defamation, Privacy and Aspects of Reputation. Osgoode Hall Law Journal, 56(1), 59-79. https://doi.org/10.60082/2817-5069.3387

Kreis, D. & Mcgregor, S. (2017, October). Technology Firms Shape Political Communication: The Work of Microsoft, Facebook, Twitter, and Google With Campaigns During the 2016 U.S. Presidential Cycle, Political Communication 35(2):1-23, https://doi.org/10.1080/10584609.2017.1364814

Krotoszynski Jr., R. J. (2005, January 1). Defamation in the Digital Age: Some Comparative Law Observations on the Difficulty of Reconciling Free Speech and Reputation in the Emerging Global Village. Washington and Lee Law Review, 62(1), 339-353. On the website: https://scholarlycommons.law.wlu.edu/wlulr/vol62/iss1/7

Mann, R. J., & Belzley, S. R. (2005, October). The Promise of Internet Intermediary Liability. William & Mary Law Review, 47(1), 239-307. On the website: https://scholarship.law.wm.edu/wmlr/vol47/iss1/5

Office of the Law Revision Counsel, UNITED STATES CODE. (2024, July 22). Definition “Defamation”, 28 U.S. Code § 4101. On the Website: https://uscode.house.gov; Retrieved: September 2, 2024

Park, A. (2015, March). Internet Service Provider Liability for Defamation: United States and United Kingdom Compared. University of Oregon. (Doctoral dissertation, School of Journalism and Communication and the Graduate School of the University of Oregon). https://scholarsbank.uoregon.edu/xmlui/handle/1794/19210

Pew Research Center (2023, November 23). News Platform Fact Sheet. On the website: https://www.pewresearch.org/journalism/fact-sheet/news-platform-fact-sheet/; Retrieved: September 2, 2024.

Schellekens, M. (2006, December 19). What holds Off-Line, also holds On-Line? In B.-J. Koops (Ed.), Starting Points for ICT Regulation: Deconstructing Prevalent Policy One-liners. Vol. 9. pp. 51-75. DOI:10.1007/978-90-6704-665-7_3. On the website: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/228206371_What_Holds_Off-Line_Also_Holds_on-Line

The Constitution of the United States of America: Analysis and Interpretation ("Constitution Annotated" or "CONAN"). (2024, July). Constitution of the United States, First Amendment. On the website: https://constitution.congress.gov/constitution/amendment-1/; Retrieved: September 2, 2024.

Waldman, B. J. (1999, Fall). A Unified Approach to Cyber-Libel, Defamation on the Internet, a Suggested Approach. Richmond Journal of Law and Technology, 6(2). On the website: http://scholarship.richmond.edu/jolt/vol6/iss2/6;

Weber, R. H., & Cheung, A. (2008). Internet Governance and Responsibility of Internet Service Providers. Wisconsin International Law Journal, 26, 403-477. On the website: https://repository-dev.law.wisc.edu/s/uwlaw/media/37545;

Waelde, C. & Edwards, L. (2005, April). Online Intermediaries and Copyright Liability. WIPO Workshop Keynote Paper, Geneva. Available at SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=1159640.