Abstract
In 2013, the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) was announced in Astana. It was expected to connect as the New Silk Road the producing East and consuming West. In line with this, Kazakhstan introduced a major infrastructure program called “NurlyZhol” to improve the logistic corridor. Now, after almost 10 years after its announcement it is worth seeing whether the country benefited from the programs and whether the expectations set up 10 years ago came true. Besides the literature, the experience of 10 experts in the region was used. Strong involvement of China, politically and economically, supports the development of the logistics corridor. Not only the logistics sector showed growth, potential also for the future, but the agriculture and renewable energy sectorsas well might light for the country’s economy as to the international experts. Negative impacts, due to hindrances on the land corridor, which goes partially through Russia to Europe, hinders the projects to use their full potential.
References
Alibekova, R. (2016, June 25). Transnational companies from China: Interest in Kazakhstan increases. Kazakhstan truth. https://kazpravda.kz/n/tnk-iz-podnebesnoy-interes-k-kazahstanu-rastet-r8/
Aminjonov, F., Abylkasymova, A., Aimée, A., &Eshchanov, B. (2019). The BRI in Central Asia: Industrial Projects. Central Asia Regional Data Review 24, 24, 14.
Amrebaev, A. (2017, May 18). Деловой портал Капитал.кз. https://kapital.kz/gosudarstvo/59883/aydar-amrebayev-my-dolzhny-etim-istoricheskim-shansom-obyazatel-no-vospol-zovat-sya.html
Brakman, S., Frankopan, P., Garretsen, H., & Van Marrewijk, C. (2019). The New Silk Roads: An introduction to China’s Belt and Road Initiative. Cambridge Journal of Regions, Economy and Society, 12(1), 3–16. https://doi.org/10.1093/cjres/rsy037
Cinar, M. (2021). The China-Central Asia-West Asia Economic Corridor of the Belt and Road Initiative’s Economic Impact on Kazakhstan.
CzerewaczFilipowicz, K. (2019). The Eurasian Economic Union as an Element of the Belt and Road Initiative. Comparative Economic Research, 22(2), 23–37.https://doi.org/10.2478/cer-2019-0010
Ecological Civilization and the 19thNational Congress of the Communist Party of China. (n.d.). Center for Ecozoic Studies. Retrieved November 16, 2022. https://www.ecozoicstudies.org/reviews/ecological-civilization-19th-national-congress-communist-party-china/
Gelvig, S. (2020). CHINA-KAZAKHSTAN ECONOMIC COOPERATION AND “ONE BELT, ONE ROAD” INITIATIVE. European Journal of Economics and Management Sciences, 2, 49–58. https://doi.org/10.29013/EJEMS-20-2-49-58
Jue, Y., & Wallace, J. (2021, September 13). What is China’s Belt and Road Initiative (BRI)? Chatham House – International Affairs Think Tank. https://www.chathamhouse.org/2021/09/what-chinas-belt-and-road-initiative-bri
Kukeyeva, F., & Dyussebayev, D. (2019). Belt and Road Initiative for Kazakhstan: Opportunities and Risks. In Md. N. Islam (Ed.), Silk Road to Belt Road, (pp. 293–305). Springer Nature Singapore https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-2998-2_17
Louthan, T. (2022). A “bright path” forward or a grim dead end? Foreign Policy Research Institute, 32.
Ministry of Foreign Affairs, the People’s Republic of China. (2013, 09). President Xi Jinping Delivers Important Speech and Proposes to Build a Silk Road Economic Belt with Central Asian Countries. President Xi Jinping Delivers Important Speech and Proposes to Build a Silk Road Economic Belt with Central Asian Countries.https://web.archive.org/web/20201017031834/https:/www.fmprc.gov.cn/mfa_eng/topics_665678/xjpfwzysiesgjtfhshzzfh_665686/t1076334.shtml
SamrukKazyna. (2018). KAZAKHSTAN’S MACROECONOMIC OUTLOOK & INVESTMENT OPPORTUNITIES IN DIGITALIZATION (p. 48). Samruk Kazyna.https://sk.kz/upload/iblock/083/0838d3114eb68679c08312b9ae1231ab.pdf
Shakhanova, G. V., & Garlick, J. (2020). The Belt and Road Initiative and the Eurasian Economic Union: Exploring the “Greater Eurasian Partnership.” In Journal of Current Chinese Affairs (Vol. 49, Issue 1, pp. 33–57). SAGE Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1177/1868102620911666
World Bank. (2020). South Caucasus and Central Asia Belt and Road Initiative – Kazakhstan Country Case Study (p. 26). https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/bitstream/handle/10986/34117/South-Caucasus-and-Central-Asia-The-Belt-and-Road-Initiative-Kazakhstan-Country-Case-Study.pdf?sequence=4
Zogg, B. (2019). Kazakhstan: A Centrepiece in China’s Belt and Road. [Application/pdf]. 4 p. https://doi.org/10.3929/ETHZ-B-000362184